Education and Awareness

Following the devastation of a fire, the steps you take are crucial to your recovery and well-being. This book offers essential guidance through the difficult journey of recovering from a fire in your home.

After the fire (pdf)

Jump to: American Red Cross Sound the Alarm Save a Life Program - Free smoke alarms.

Smoke Alarms at Home

Smoke alarms are a key part of a home fire escape plan. When there is a fire, smoke spreads fast. Working smoke alarms give you early warning so you can get outside quickly.

Safety Tips

• Install smoke alarms in every bedroom. They should also be outside each sleeping area and on every level of the home. Install alarms in the basement.
• Large homes may need extra smoke alarms.
• It is best to use interconnected smoke alarms. When one smoke alarm sounds, they all sound.
• Test all smoke alarms at least once a month. Press the test button to be sure the alarm is working.
• Current alarms on the market employ different types of technology including multi-sensing, which could include smoke and carbon monoxide combined.
• Today’s smoke alarms will be more technologically advanced to respond to a multitude of fire conditions, yet mitigate false alarms.
• A smoke alarm should be on the ceiling or high on a wall. Keep smoke alarms away from the kitchen to reduce false alarms. They should be at least 10 feet (3 meters) from the stove.
• People who are hard-of-hearing or deaf can use special alarms. These alarms have strobe lights and bed shakers.
• Replace all smoke alarms when they are 10 years old.

Facts

• A closed door may slow the spread of smoke, heat, and fire.
• Smoke alarms should be installed inside every sleeping room, outside each separate sleeping area, and on every level. Smoke alarms should be connected so when one sounds, they all sound. Most homes do not have this level of protection.
• Roughly 3 out of 5 fire deaths happen in homes with no smoke alarms or no working smoke alarms.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a pdf)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

nfpa.org/education ©NFPA 2018

The American Red Cross Sound the Alarm Save a Life program

Need a smoke alarm installed? Call 210-582-1962 or visit rdcrss.org/3qKsboZ to  schedule your appointment today.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) Child Safety Program's guides are listed below:

Keeping Kids Safe - A parent's guide to protecting children in and around cars

Car Seat Recommendations for Children

Playground Safety Tips for Parents

As a parent, you play an important role in keeping your child safe on the playground. This sheet will help you learn how to spot a concussion and protect your child from concussion or other serious brain injury each time you take your child on an outdoor play adventure.

WHAT IS A CONCUSSION?

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury - or TBI - caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move quickly back and forth. This fast movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist in the skull, creating chemical changes in the brain and sometimes stretching and damaging the brain cells.

HOW CAN I HELP KEEP MY CHILD SAFE?

Playgrounds are important places for children to have fun, explore, and grow. Children learn through play and need opportunities to take risks, test their limits, and learn new skills through free play. Playgrounds can also put children at risk for concussion.

On the playground, children are more likely to get a concussion or other serious brain injury when using:

1. Monkey Bars
2. Climbing Equipment
3. Swings¹

¹ Cheng T et al. Nonfatal playground-related traumatic brain injuries among children, 2001-2013. Pediatrics, 2015.

To help keep children safe:

• Use playground equipment that is right for your child’s age.
• Check that playgrounds have soft material under them, such as wood chips, sand, or mulch.
• Make sure there are guardrails to help prevent falls.
• Look out for things in the play area that can trip your child, like tree stumps or rocks.

HOW CAN I SPOT A POSSIBLE CONCUSSION?

After a fall or a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body, look for one or more of these signs and symptoms of a concussion:

Signs Observed by Parents

• Appears dazed or stunned.
• Forgets an instruction, is confused about an assignment or position, or is unsure of the game, score, or opponent.
• Moves clumsily.
• Answers questions slowly.
• Loses consciousness (even briefly).
• Shows mood, behavior, or personality changes.
• Can’t recall events prior to or after a hit or fall.

Symptoms Reported by Children

• Headache or “pressure” in head.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Balance problems or dizziness, or double or blurry vision.
• Bothered by light or noise.
• Feeling sluggish, hazy, foggy, or groggy.
• Confusion, or concentration or memory problems.
• Just not “feeling right,” or “feeling down.”

If you see any of these signs or symptoms and think your child has a concussion, or other serious brain injury, seek medical attention right away. Remember, signs and symptoms may show up right after the injury, or may not appear or be noticed until hours or days after the injury. While most children with a concussion feel better within a couple of weeks, some will have symptoms for months or longer.

WHAT ARE SOME MORE SERIOUS DANGER SIGNS TO LOOK OUT FOR?

In rare cases, a dangerous collection of blood (hematoma) may form on the brain after a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body and can squeeze the brain against the skull. Call 9-1-1 or ensure that the child is taken to the emergency department right away if, after a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body, he or she has one or more of these danger signs:

• • One pupil larger than the other.
• Drowsiness or inability to wake up.
• A headache that gets worse and does not go away.
• Slurred speech, weakness, numbness, or decreased coordination.
• Repeated vomiting or nausea, convulsions, or seizures (shaking or twitching).
• Unusual behavior, increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation.
• Loss of consciousness (passed out/knocked out). Even a brief loss of consciousness should be taken seriously.

How can you help your child lower their chance of getting a concussion? Plan ahead.

You can download the CDC HEADS UP app to get concussion information at your fingertips.

The information provided in this fact sheet or through linkages to other sites is not a substitute for medical or professional care. Questions about diagnosis and treatment for concussion should be directed to your physician or other health care provider.

To learn more, go to www.cdc.gov/HEADSUP

Youth Fire Setter

Outdoor Burning Guide

Seniors Fire Safety

Be Fire-Safe in the Kitchen

Take the Fire Safety Pledge and be a Fire Safety Hero at the NFPA's Kids website

Do you have medicine you want to get rid of? Do you have a drug take-back option or mail-back envelope immediately available?

• Yes - Take your medicine to a drug take-back location or mail your medicine using a pre-paid drug mail back envelope.
• No - Is it on the FDA flush list?
  • Yes it is on the FDA flush list - Immediately flush your medicine in the toilet. Scratch out all personal info on the bottle and recycle/throw it away.
  • No - Follow the FDA instructions for disposing of medicine in the household trash

Safe Disposal of Needles and Other Sharps

DO’s and DON’Ts - Safe Disposal of Needles and Other Sharps Used at Home, at Work, or While Traveling

Do

• Immediately place used needles and other sharps in a sharps disposal container to reduce the risk of needle-sticks, cuts, or  punctures from loose sharps.   
• Use an FDA-cleared sharps disposal container, if possible. If an FDA-cleared container isn’t available, some organizations and community guidelines recommend using a heavy-duty plastic household container (i.e. laundry detergent container) as an alternative.
• Make sure that if a household disposal container is used, it has the basic features of a good disposal container. (more info.)
• Be prepared - carry a portable sharps disposal container for travel.
• Follow your community guidelines for getting rid of your sharps disposal container.
• Call your local trash or public health department (listed in the county and city government section of your phone book) to find out about sharps disposal programs in your area.
• Ask your health care provider, veterinarian, local hospital or pharmacist
  • where and how you can obtain an FDA-cleared sharps disposal container,
  • if they can dispose of your used needles and other sharps, or
  • if they know of safe disposal programs near you.
• Keep all needles and other sharps and sharps disposal containers out of reach of children and pets. 

All sharps disposal containers should be: 

• made of a heavy-duty plastic;
• able to close with a tight-fitting, puncture-proof lid, without sharps being able to come out;
• upright and stable during use;
• leak-resistant; and
• properly labeled.

Don’t 

• Throw needles and other sharps into the trash.
• Flush needles and other sharps down the toilet.
• Put needles and other sharps in your recycling bin - they are not recyclable.
• Try to remove, bend, break, or recap needles used by another person. This can lead to accidental needle sticks, which may cause serious infections.
• Attempt to remove the needle without a needle clipper device because the needles could fall, fly off, or get lost and injure someone.

Best Way to Get Rid of Used Needles and Other Sharps:

Step 1: Place all needles and other sharps in a sharps disposal container immediately after they have been used.

Step 2:  Dispose of used sharps disposal containers according to your community guidelines.

For more information visit, fda.gov/safesharpsdisposal.

Download this as a pdf

Thanksgiving Safety

The kitchen is the heart of the home, especially at Thanksgiving. Kids love to be involved in holiday preparations. Safety in the kitchen is important, especially on Thanksgiving Day when there is a lot of activity and people at home.

• Stay in the kitchen when you are cooking on the stovetop so you can keep an eye on the food.
• Stay in the home when cooking your turkey and check on it frequently.
• Keep children away from the stove. The stove will be hot and kids should stay 3 feet away.
• Make sure kids stay away from hot food and liquids. The steam or splash from vegetables, gravy or coffee could cause serious burns.
• Keep the floor clear so you don’t trip over kids, toys, pocketbooks or bags.
• Keep knives out of the reach of children.
• Be sure electric cords from an electric knife, coffee maker, plate warmer or mixer are not dangling off the counter within easy reach of a child.
• Keep matches and utility lighters out of the reach of children - up high in a locked cabinet.
• Never leave children alone in room with a lit candle.
• Make sure your smoke alarms are working. Test them by pushing the test button.

Did you know?

Thanksgiving is the leading day of the year for home fires involving cooking equipment.

Have activities that keep kids out of the kitchen during this busy time. Games, puzzles or books can keep them busy. Kids can get involved in Thanksgiving preparations with recipes that can be done outside the kitchen.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a pdf)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

nfpa.org/education ©NFPA 2017

Winter Holiday Safety

Winter holidays are a time for families and friends to get together. But that also means a greater risk for fire. Following a few simple tips will ensure a happy and fire-safe holiday season.

Holiday Decorating

• Be careful with holiday decorations. Choose decorations that are flame resistant or flame retardant.
• Keep lit candles away from decorations and other things that can burn.
• Some lights are only for indoor or outdoor use, but not both.
• Replace any string of lights with worn or broken cords or loose bulb connections. Read manufacturer’s instructions for number of light strands to connect.
• Use clips, not nails, to hang lights so the cords do not get damaged.
• Keep decorations away from windows and doors.

Holiday Entertaining

Before Heading Out or to Bed Blow out lit candles when you leave the room or go to bed.  Turn off all light strings and decorations before leaving home or going to bed.

• Test your smoke alarms and tell guests about your home fire escape plan.
• Keep children and pets away from lit candles.
• Keep matches and lighters up high in a locked cabinet.
• Stay in the kitchen when cooking on the stovetop.
• Ask smokers to smoke outside. Remind smokers to keep their smoking materials with them so young children do not touch them.
• Provide large, deep ashtrays for smokers. Wet cigarette butts with water before discarding.

Facts

• More than one-third of home decoration fires are started by candles.
• More than two of every five decoration fires happen because decorations are placed too close to a heat source.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a pdf)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

nfpa.org/education ©NFPA 2016

See also - Put a freeze on winter holiday fires pdf

Candle Safety

Candles may be pretty to look at but they are a cause of home fires — and home fire deaths. Remember, a candle is an open flame, which means that it can easily ignite anything that can burn.

Candle with Care

•  Blow out all candles when you leave the room or go to bed. Avoid the use of candles in the bedroom and other areas where people may fall asleep.
•  Keep candles at least 1 foot (30 centimetres) away from anything that can burn.

Think about using flameless candles in your home. They look and smell like real candles.

If you do burn candles, make sure that you...

• Use candle holders that are sturdy, and won’t tip over easily.
• Put candle holders on a sturdy, uncluttered surface.
• Light candles carefully. Keep your hair and any loose clothing away from the flame.
• Don’t burn a candle all the way down — put it out before it gets too close to the
  holder or container.
• Never use a candle if oxygen is used in the home.
• Have flashlights and battery-powered lighting ready to use during a power outage. Never use candles.

Candles and Kids

Never leave a child alone in a room with a burning candle. Keep matches and lighters up high and out of children’s reach, in a locked cabinet.

Facts

• December is the peak month for home candle fires.
• More than one-third of home candle fires started in the bedroom.
• Three of every five candle fires start when things that can burn are too close to the candle.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a poster)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

nfpa.org/education ©NFPA 2019

Backyard Chicken Coop Safety

Raising chickens as a hobby is popular. Hobby farmers enjoy raising hens as pets or livestock. Protect people, property, and your flock from the tragedy of fire.

Safety Tips

• Make sure that heat lamps are properly secured. This will keep them from being knocked over.
• Keep heat lamps away from anything that can burn.
• Keep space heaters away from anything that can burn.
• Place space heaters on a sturdy surface so they won’t be knocked over.
• Brush cobwebs and dust from light fixtures and outlets. Do this regularly.
• Choose light bulbs that have covers. This will protect them from dirt, moisture, and breaking.
• Do not use extension cords in the coop.
• Choose electrical equipment for agricultural or commercial use.
• Be careful with electrically heated poultry waterers. Make sure the cord and plug are properly grounded.
• Check all wiring for damage.
• Have electrical work done by a qualified electrician.
• Choose outlets and switch boxes designed to keep out dust and water.

Safe Hay and Bedding Storage

Store baled hay away from livestock. Hay and bedding storage should not be near 
anything that can burn. Check with your community for safety rules on animal housing facilities. Talk to your local fire department for any fire concerns.

Go to www.nfpa.org/farms to learn more about fire safety on the farm.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a pdf)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

nfpa.org/education ©NFPA 2018

Cooking Safety

Cooking brings family and friends together, provides  an outlet for creativity and can be relaxing. But did you know that cooking fires are the number one cause of home fires and home injuries? By following a few safety tips you can prevent these fires.

Cook with Caution

• • Be on alert! If you are sleepy or have consumed alcohol don’t use the stove or stovetop.
• Stay in the kitchen while you are frying, boiling, grilling, or broiling food. If you leave the kitchen for even a short period of time, turn off the stove.
• If you are simmering, baking, or roasting food, check it regularly, remain in the home while food is cooking, and use a timer to remind you that you are cooking.
• Keep anything that can catch fire — oven mitts, wooden utensils, food packaging, towels or curtains — away from your stovetop.

if you have a small (grease) cooking fire and decide to fight the fire...

• On the stovetop, smother the flames by sliding a lid over the pan and turning off the burner. Leave the pan covered until it is completely cooled.
• For an oven fire, turn off the heat and keep the door closed.

if you have any doubt about fighting a small fire…

• Just get out! When you leave, close the door behind you to help contain the fire.
•  Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number from outside the home.

Cooking and Kids

Have a “kid-free zone” of at least 3 feet (1 metre) around the stove and areas where
hot food or drink is prepared or carried.

Facts

• The leading cause of fires in the kitchen is unattended cooking.
• Most cooking fires in the home involve the kitchen stove.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a pdf)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

nfpa.org/education ©NFPA 2018

Carbon Monoxide Safety

Often called the invisible killer, carbon monoxide is an invisible, odorless, colorless gas created when fuels (such as gasoline, wood, coal, natural gas, propane, oil, and methane) burn incompletely. In the home, heating and cooking equipment that burn fuel can be sources of carbon monoxide.

• CO alarms should be installed in a central location outside each sleeping area and on every level of the home and in other locations where required by applicable laws, codes or standards. For the best protection, interconnect all CO alarms throughout the home. When one sounds, they all sound.
• Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for placement and mounting height.
• Choose a CO alarm that is listed by a qualified testing laboratory.
• Call your local fire department’s non-emergency number to find out what number to call if the CO alarm sounds.
• Test CO alarms at least once a month; replace them according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
• If the audible trouble signal sounds, check for low batteries. If the battery is low, replace it. If it still sounds, call the fire department.
• If the CO alarm sounds, immediately move to a fresh air location outdoors or by an open window or door. Make sure everyone inside the home is accounted for. Call for help from a fresh air location and stay there until emergency personnel declare that it is safe to re-enter the home.
• If you need to warm a vehicle, remove it from the garage immediately after starting it. Do not run a vehicle or other fueled engine or motor indoors, even if garage doors are 
  open. Make sure the exhaust pipe of a running vehicle is not covered with snow.
• During and after a winter storm, make sure vents for the dryer, furnace, stove, and fireplace are clear of snow build-up.
• A generator should be used in a well-ventilated location outdoors away from windows, doors and vent openings.
• Gas or charcoal grills can produce CO — only use outside.

Home Heating Equipment

Have fuel-burning heating equipment and chimneys inspected by a professional every year before cold weather sets in. When using a fireplace, open the flue for adequate ventilation. Never use your oven to heat your home.

Facts

• A person can be poisoned by a small amount of CO over a longer period of time or by a large amount of CO over a shorter amount of time.

• In 2010, U.S. fire departments responded to an estimated 80,100 non-fire CO incidents in which carbon monoxide was found, or an average of nine calls per hour.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a pdf)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

nfpa.org/education ©NFPA 2018

Electrical Safety

Flipping a light switch. Plugging in a coffeemaker. Charging a laptop computer. These are second nature for most of us. Electricity makes our lives easier. However, we need to be cautious and keep safety in mind.

Safety Tips

• Have all electrical work done by a qualified electrician. 
• When you are buying or remodeling a home, have it inspected by a qualified private inspector or in accordance with local requirements.
• Only use one heat-producing appliance (such as a coffee maker, toaster, space heater, etc.) plugged into a receptacle outlet at a time. 
• Major appliances (refrigerators, dryers, washers, stoves, air conditioners, microwave ovens, etc.) should be plugged directly into a wall receptacle outlet. Extension cords and plug strips should not be used.
• Arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) shut off electricity when a dangerous condition occurs. Consider having them installed in your home. 
• Use ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) to reduce the risk of shock. GFCIs shut off an electrical circuit when it becomes a shock hazard. They should be installed inside the home in bathrooms, kitchens, garages and basements. All outdoor receptacles should be GFCI protected.
• Test AFCIs and GFCIs once a month according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. You do not need a flame to start a fire. Fires can start when heat builds up near things that burn. This can happen when a hot light bulb is near things that burn, such as cloth or paper, or a cord has been placed under a carpet.
• Check electrical cords to make sure they are not running across doorways or under carpets. Extension cords are intended for temporary use. Have a qualified electrician add more receptacle outlets so you don’t have to use extension cords.
• Use a light bulb with the right number of watts. There should be a sticker that indicates the right number of watts.

Important RemInder

Call a qualified electrician or your landlord if you have:

• Frequent problems with blowing fuses or tripping circuit breakers
• A tingling feeling when you touch an electrical appliance
• Discolored or warm wall outlets
• A burning or rubbery smell coming from an appliance
• Flickering or dimming lights
• Sparks from an outlet

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a pdf)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

nfpa.org/education ©NFPA 2018

E-Bike and E-Scooter Safety

The popularity of electric bikes and electric scooters (e-bikes and e-scooters) has taken off over the past few years. Lithium-ion batteries are usually the source of power for both, and if not used correctly, or if damaged, those batteries can catch on fire or explode. Whether you use e-bikes or e-scooters as your main way of getting around, or just for fun, there are important safety tips to keep in mind when charging or storing these devices.

The Problem

• Damaged or defective batteries can over heat, catch fire, or explode.
• Lithium-ion battery fires give off toxic gases and they burn extremely hot.

Safety Tips

• Only purchase and use devices, batteries, and charging equipment that are listed by a nationally recognized testing lab and labeled accordingly.
• Always follow the instructions from the manufacturer.
• Only use the battery and the charger that were designed for, and came with, the device.
• Do not keep charging the device or device battery after it is fully charged.
• Only charge one device or device battery at a time to prevent overloading the circuit. 
• Keep batteries at room temperature when possible. Do not charge them at temperatures below 32°F (0°C) or above 105°F (40°C).
• Do not store batteries in direct sunlight or inside hot vehicles, and keep them away from children and liquids.
• Store e-bikes, e-scooters, and batteries away from exit doors and anything that can get hot or catch fire.
• Only have device repairs performed by a qualified professional.
• Do not put lithium-ion batteries in the trash. Recycling is always the best option. Take the batteries to a battery recycling location or contact your local waste department for disposal instructions.

Signs of a Problem

Stop using the e-bike or e-scooter if you notice any of these problems with the battery: unusual odor, change in color, too much heat, change in shape, leaking, smoking, or not keeping a charge. 

If you see a fire …

• Leave the building immediately.
• Don’t try to fight the fire.
• Call 911.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a pdf)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

Visit nfpa.org/ebikes ©NFPA 2022

Escape Planning

Plan Ahead! If a fire breaks out in your home, you may have only a few minutes to get out safely once the smoke alarm sounds. Everyone needs to know what to do and where to go if there is a fire.

Safety Tips

• Make a  home escape plan. Draw a map of your home showing all doors and windows. Discuss the plan with everyone in your home.
• Know at least two ways out of every room, if possible. Make sure all doors and windows leading outside open easily.
• Have an outside meeting place (like a tree, light pole or mailbox) a safe distance from the home where everyone should meet.
• Practice your home file drill at night and during the day with everyone in your home, twice a year.
• Practice using different ways out.
• Teach children how to escape on their own in case you can't help them.
• Close doors behind you as your leave.

If the Alarm Sounds...

• If the smoke alarm sounds, Get Out And Stay Out. Never go back inside for people or pets.
• If you have to escape through smoke, Get Low and Go under the smoke to your way out.
• Call the fire department (9-1-1) from outside your home.

Facts

• A closed door may slow the spread of smoke, heat, and fire. Install smoke alarms inside every sleeping room and outside each separate sleeping area. Install alarms on every level of the home. Smoke alarms should be interconnected. When one smoke alarm sounds, they all sound.
• According to an NFPA survey, only one of every three American households have actually developed and practiced a home fire escape plan.
• While 71% of Americans have an escape plan in case of a fire, only 47% of those have practiced it.
• One-third of American households who made an estimate thought they would have at least 6 minutes before a fire in their home would become life-threatening. The time available is often less. And only 8% said their first thought on hearing a smoke alarm wouldbe to get out!

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a pdf)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

nfpa.org/education ©NFPA 2016

How to use a Fire Extinguisher

It's one thing to have all of the necessary emergency supplies on hand in the event of a fire. However, the right tools mean nothing without the proper education on how to use them. It's your responsibility to educate and train your employees on how to operate safety equipment. Use our guide on how to use a fire extinguisher.

Call the Fire Department

Make sure everyone is evacuated from the building. Even if the fire itself appears manageable, you should always have the fire department on the way. Once they arrive, they can double check that the fire was properly extinguished and assess the damage. 

Position Yourself Accordingly

Position yourself with your back to an exit and maintain this stance.That way, there is an evacuation route that is safe of flames, excessive heat, and smoke.

Make Sure You're Standing 6 to 8 Feet Away

from the flames before discharging the extinguisher. You can move closer as you start dousing the fire.

Follow the P.A.S.S. Technique

• PULL the pin on the top. This will break the seal that prevents accidental discharges. Make sure the nozzle is pointed away from you.
• AIM low, pointing the nozzle at the base of the fire (not the flames). Note: Keep your hands away from the plastic discharge horn on CO2 extinguishers, as it gets extremely cold.
• SQUEEZE the handle or levers to release the extinguishing agent while maintaining your aim at the base of the fire. Apply slow and even pressure.
• SWEEP from side-to-side to extinguish all the fuel onto the fire. Move closer as the flames die down. Continue with a steady sweeping motion until the fire is completely out.

Download this as a pdf | Fire Extinguisher Location and Placement

Fireworks Safety

FIREWORKS are often used to mark special events and holidays. The only safe way to view fireworks is to attend a professional show. It is important to know that fireworks are not safe in the hands of consumers. Fireworks cause thousands of injuries each year. 

A few ideas to get into the patriotic spirit, without fireworks:

1. Use glow sticks, they glow in the dark and are a safe alternative to a sparkler. Fun for all ages.
2. Loud and proud. Noise makers are sure to make a statement. They can be found at local party supply stores or make your own.
3. Outdoor movie night. Set up a screen and projector. Don’t forget the bug spray!
4. Red, white and blue silly string…fun for all ages.
5. Make a patriotic craft with the family.
6. Throw a birthday party for the USA, and don’t forget the cake.

Facts

• More than 19,500 reported fires are started by fireworks annually.
• Burns account for 44% of the 9,100 injuries treated in emergency rooms seen in the month around July 4.
• Half of the fireworks injuries seen at emergency rooms were extremities: hand, finger, or leg. One-third were to the eye or other parts of the head.
• Children ages 10–14 had the highest rate of fireworks injury, with more than one-third (36%) of the victims of fireworks injuries under age 15.
• Sparklers account for roughly one-quarter of emergency room fireworks injuries.

Source: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) 2018 Fireworks Annual Report

How HOT does a sparkler burn?

• 1200 °F - Sparklers
• 1100 °F
• 1000 °F
• 900 °F - Glass melts at 900 °F
• 800 °F
• 700 °F
• 600 °F - Wood burns at 575 °F
• 500 °F
• 400 °F
• 300 °F - Cakes bake at 350 °F
• 200 °F - Water boils at 212 °F
• 100 °F
• 0 °F

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (download this as a pdf)
The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards

nfpa.org/education ©NFPA 2022

See also: Fireworks Infographic

Fire Safety - Talking Points

• Home Fire Escape Plan
  • Have a plan two or more ways out of the building.
  • Practice the plan
  • Have a designated location to go to
  • Stay low to the ground and get out
  • Keep cell phones charged and where you can get to it
• Get out Stay Out
  • Once you are out stay out
  • Property can be replaced
  • Pets can be replaced
  • Stay low to the ground and leave
• Smoke Detectors
  • Change your smoke detectors batteries twice a year, rather it is needed or not
  • Smoke detectors have a shelf life 10 years, what is the age of your smoke detector
  • Smoke detectors are early warning to help get you out quickly.
  • Don’t spend too much time searching for the cause, call early to get the FD there
• Cooking Safety
  • Turn of the stove or oven when not using them
  • Always be in the kitchen when cooking
  • Turn pot handles away from the edge
  • Have a lid or fire extinguishers available to extinguish the fire
  • If there is a fire turn off the stove or oven first
  • Stove and ovens are not for heating your homes
• Matches and Lighters
  • Keep lighter and matches put away and out of reach
  • If it is easy for you to get it, then it is easy for them to get it also
  • Kids are curious and what to be like the adults they will try and light things up, not to damage or start a fire, but to mimic us
• Electrical Outlets and Extension Cords
  • Have outlet covers if you have small children
  • Be careful of overusing extension cords and power strips
  • One extension cord for one item
  • Extension cords are not for large appliances (microwaves-air conditioners-refrigerators)
• Emergency Lights
  • Night lights are not just for kids, they can illuminate your pathway out if need
  • Helps prevent falls and tripping
• Combustible (Things that can easily catch fire)
  • Keep combustibles away from heat and ignition sources
  • Source of ignition can include Stoves, Electrical Cords, Heater, and other items that generate heat 

Generator Safety

Downed utility lines, power company blackouts, heavy snow falls or summer storms can all lead to power outages. Portable generators are a temporary solution to power appliances. It’s important to know that portable generators emit carbon monoxide (CO), a poisonous, deadly gas.  Use these tips to avoid CO exposure:

• Use portable generators outdoors in well-ventilated areas at least 20 feet (7 meters) from all doors, windows, and vent openings. Measure the 20-foot (7 meter) distance from the generator to the building.
• Never use a generator in an attached garage, even with the door open.
• Place generators so that exhaust fumes can’t enter the home through windows, doors or other openings in the building. The exhaust must be directed away from the building.
• Make sure to install carbon monoxide (CO) alarms in your home. Follow manufacturer’s instructions for correct placement and mounting height.
• Turn off generators and let them cool down before refueling. Never refuel a generator while it is hot.
• Store fuel for the generator in a container that is intended for the purpose and is correctly labeled as such. Store the containers outside of living areas.

Just Remember...

When plugging in appliances, make sure they are plugged directly into the generator or a heavy duty outdoor-rated extension cord. The cords should be checked for cuts, tears and that the plug has all three prongs, especially a grounding pin.

If you must connect the generator to the house wiring to power appliances, have a qualified electrician install a properly rated transfer switch in accordance with the National Electrical Code® (NEC) and all applicable state and local electrical codes.

Fact

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Grilling Safety

There’s nothing like outdoor grilling. It’s one of the most popular ways to cook food. But, a grill placed too close to anything that can burn is a fire hazard. They can be very hot, causing burn injuries. Follow these simple tips and you will be on the way to safe grilling.

Safety Tips

• Propane and charcoal BBQ grills should only be used outdoors.
• The grill should be placed well away from the home, deck railings and out from under eaves and overhanging branches.
• Keep children and pets at least three feet away from the grill area.
• Keep your grill clean by removing grease or fat buildup from the grills and in trays below the grill.
• Never leave your grill unattended.
• Always make sure your gas grill lid is open before lighting it.

Charcoal Grills

• There are several ways to get the charcoal ready to use. Charcoal chimney starters allow you to start the charcoal using newspaper as a fuel.
• If you use a starter fluid, use only charcoal starter fluid. Never add charcoal fluid or any other flammable liquids to the fire.
• Keep charcoal fluid out of the reach of children and away from heat sources.
• There are also electric charcoal starters, which do not use fire. Be sure to use an extension cord for outdoor use.
• When you are finished grilling, let the coals completely cool before disposing in a metal container.

Propane Grills

Check the gas tank hose for leaks before using it for the first time each year. Apply a light soap and water solution to the hose. A propane leak will release bubbles. If your grill has a gas leak, by smell or the soapy bubble test, and there is no flame, turn off both the gas tank and the grill. If the leak stops, get the grill serviced by a professional before using it again. If the leak does not stop, call the fire department. If you smell gas while cooking, immediately get away from the grill and call the fire department. Do not move the grill. If the flame goes out, turn the grill and gas off and wait at least 5 minutes before re-lighting it. 

Facts

• July is the peak month for grill fires.
• Roughly half of the injuries involving grills are thermal burns.

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Heating Safety

There is something about the winter months and curling up with a good book by the fireplace. But did you know that heating equipment is one of the leading causes of home fire deaths? With a few simple safety tips and precautions you can prevent most heating fires from happening.

Be warm and safe this winter!

• Keep anything that can burn at least three-feet (one meter) away from heating equipment, like the furnace, fireplace, wood stove, or portable space heater.
• Have a three-foot (one meter) “kid-free zone” around open fires and space heaters.
• Never use your oven to heat your home.
• Have a qualified professional install stationary space heating equipment, water heaters or central heating equipment according to the local codes and manufacturer’s instructions.
• Have heating equipment and chimneys cleaned and inspected every year by a qualified professional.
• Remember to turn portable heaters off when leaving the room or going to bed.
•  Always use the right kind of fuel, specified by the manufacturer, for fuel burning space heaters.
• Make sure the fireplace has a sturdy screen to stop sparks from flying into the room.  Ashes should be cool before putting them in a metal container. Keep the container a safe distance away from your home.
• Test smoke alarms at least once a month.

Heating Equipment Smarts

Install wood burning stoves following manufacturer’s instructions or have a professional do the installation. All fuel-burning equipment should be vented to the outside to avoid carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.

Install and maintain CO alarms to avoid the risk of CO poisoning. If you smell gas in your gas heater, do not light the appliance. Leave the home immediately and call your local fire department (9-1-1) or gas company (979-337-7400).

Fact

Half of home heating fires are reported during the months of December, January, and February.

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Lithium-Ion Battery Safety

Lithium-ion batteries supply power to many kinds of devices including smart phones, laptops, e-scooters and e-bikes, e-cigarettes, smoke alarms, toys, and even cars. If not used correctly, or if damaged, these batteries can catch on fire or explode.

The problem

• These batteries store a large amount of energy in a small amount of space.
• Sometimes batteries are not used the right way; batteries not designed for a specific use can be dangerous.
• Like any product, a small number of these batteries are defective. They can overheat, catch fire, or explode.

Safety Tips

• Purchase and use devices that are listed by a qualified testing laboratory.
• Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Only use the battery that is designed for the device.
• Put batteries in the device the right way.
• Only use the charging cord that came with the device.
• Do not charge a device under your pillow, on your bed, or on a couch.
• Do not keep charging the device or device battery after it is fully charged.
• Keep batteries at room temperature when possible. Do not charge them at temperatures below 32°F (0°C) or above 105°F (40°C).
• Store batteries away from anything that can catch fire.

Signs of a Problem

Stop using the battery if you notice these problems: odor, change in color, too much heat, change in shape, leaking, or odd noises. If it is safe to do so, move the device away from anything that can catch fire. Call 9-1-1.

Battery Disposal

• Do not put lithium-ion batteries in the trash.
• Recycling is always the best option.
• Take them to a battery recycling location or contact your community for disposal instructions.
• Do not put discarded batteries in piles. 

Charging an E-bike

Charge your battery in a flat, dry area away from children, direct sunlight, liquids, tripping hazards, and in a location where the e-bike is not at risk of falling.

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Microwave Oven Safety

With busy lives, families rely on the microwave oven as a quick way to heat up a meal, warm up a drink or defrost dinner. While the convenience of the microwave oven is something we take for granted, safety should not be. By following a few simple safety tips you can prevent painful burns and possible fires.

Safety Tips

• Purchase a microwave oven that is listed by a qualified testing laboratory. Make sure to complete and return the product registration card. This way the manufacturer can reach you if there is a recall on the product.
• Plug the microwave oven directly into the wall outlet - never use an extension cord.
• Make sure the microwave oven is at a safe height, within easy reach of all users.
• Open food slowly, away from the face. Hot steam or the food itself can cause burns.
• Food heats unevenly in microwave ovens. Stir and test before eating or giving to children.
• Never heat a baby bottle in the microwave. Since a microwave oven heats unevenly, it can create hot pockets, leading to burns. Warm a bottle in a bowl of warm - not hot or boiling - water, or by running it under the tap.

Microwave Use

Always supervise children when they are using a microwave oven.

Use only microwave-safe food containers or dishes. Never use aluminum foil or metal in a microwave oven.

If you have a fire in the microwave, leave the door closed, turn the oven off and unplug it from the wall. If the fire does not go out, get outside and call the fire department.

Fact

Scald burns are the leading cause of injury from microwave ovens. 

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Portable Fireplace Safety

There is nothing like sitting by an open fire on a cold night. Indoor and outdoor portable ethanol burning fireplaces have become more popular in recent years. While these products provide ambiance and a little warmth, keep in mind the fuel, device and open flame can be dangerous.

Fireplace Safety

• A portable ethanol burning fireplace, and the fuel, should only be used by adults.
• Clean up any fuel spillage and be sure all liquid has evaporated before lighting the fireplace.
• Light the fireplace using a utility lighter or long match.
• An adult should always be present when a portable fireplace is burning.
• Place the fireplace on a sturdy surface away from table edges.
• It’s a good idea to crack a window open for a fresh supply of air.
• Never try to move a lit fireplace or one that is still hot.
• Don’t pour ethanol fuel in a device that is lit or not completely cool. It may result in a fire or injury.
• Allow the device to cool down for at least 15 minutes before refueling.
• Extinguish the flame when you leave the room, home or go to sleep.

General Fire Safety

• Keep anything that can burn, children and pets at least 3 feet from the fireplace.
• Store lighters and matches out of the reach of children, in a locked cabinet.

Ethanol Fuel Smarts

Store ethanol fuel in a closed container, away from the fireplace and out of the reach of children.

It may not be easy to see the ethanol fuel flame. Always close the lid or use a snuffer to be sure the flame is extinguished before refueling into a cooled fireplace.

Use only fuel made specifically for the fireplace.

Fact

Ethanol is a plant-based product that does not release new carbon monoxide into the air.

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Electric Portable Space Heater Safety

When the weather turns cold, it can bring a chill into our homes. Portable space heaters have become a popular way to supplement central heating or heat one room.  If you plan to use portable electric space heaters, make sure to follow these tips and recommendations:

Heater Checklist

• Purchase a heater with the seal of a qualified testing laboratory.
• Keep the heater at least 3 feet (1 meter) away from anything that can burn, including people.
• Choose a heater with a thermostat and overheat protection.
• Place the heater on a solid, flat surface.
• Make sure your heater has an auto shut-off to turn the heater off if it tips over.
• Keep space heaters out of the way of foot traffic. Never block an exit.
• Keep children away from the space heater.
• Plug the heater directly into the wall outlet. Never use an extension cord.
• Space heaters should be turned off and unplugged when you leave the room or go to bed.

Types of electric space heaters

Oil or water-filled radiator - Heated oil or water travels through the heater. 

Fan-forced heater - A fan blows warm air over metal coils.

Ceramic heater - Air is warmed over a ceramic heating element.

Infrared heaters - Heat is created by infrared bulbs.

Fact

Two in five deaths in space heater fires involve portable electric space heaters.

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Fire Safety during Winter Storms

Winter storms can happen almost anywhere. They can cause us problems. Know what to do before, during and after a storm. This will help keep you and your family safe from a winter fire.

• Test all smoke alarms. Do this at least once a month. This way you will know they are working. Install carbon monoxide alarms in your home. Test the alarms.
• Plan two ways out of the home in case of an emergency. Clear driveway and front walk of ice and snow. This will provide easy access to your home.
• Make sure your house number can be seen from the street. If you need help, firefighters will be able to find you.
• Be ready in case the power goes out. Have flashlights on hand. Also have battery-powered lighting and fresh batteries. Never use candles.
• Stay aware of winter weather. Listen to the television or radio for updates. Watch for bulletins online.
• Check on neighbors. Check on others who may need help.
• Generators should be used outdoors. Keep them away from windows and doors. Do not run a generator inside your garage, even if the door is open.
• Stay away from downed wires. Report any downed wires to authorities.
• Be ready if the heat stops working. Use extra layers of clothes and blankets to stay warm. If you use an emergency heat source, keep anything that can burn at least 3 feet away.
• Turn portable heaters off when you leave the room. Turn them off when you go to bed.

Important Reminder

There are more home fires in winter than in any other season. Half of all home heating fires happen in December, January and February. As you stay cozy and warm this winter season, be fire smart!

Fact

Nearly half of all space heater fires involve electric space heaters.

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Wood & Pellet Stove Safety

As the temperature drops outside, wood and pellet stoves may be fired up inside the home. What you may not realize is that heating equipment is one of the leading causes of home fires during the winter months.

• Have a QUALIFIED professional install stoves, chimney connectors, and chimneys.
• Stoves should be listed by a qualified testing laboratory.
• In wood stoves, burn only DRY, seasoned wood. In pellet stoves, burn only dry, seasoned wood pellets.
• Have your chimney and stove INSPECTED and cleaned by a certified chimney sweep every fall just before heating season.
• CLEAN the inside of your stove periodically using a wire brush.
• Allow ashes to COOL before disposing of them. Place ashes in a covered metal container. Keep the container at least 10 feet away from the home and other buildings.
• Keep a CLOSE EYE on children whenever a wood or pellet stove is being used. Remind them to stay at least 3 feet away from the stove.
• Stoves need SPACE. Keep anything that can burn at least 3 feet away from the stove.
• INSTALL and maintain carbon monoxide alarms (CO) outside each sleeping area and on every level of the home. For the best protection, interconnect the CO alarms. When one sounds, they all sound.

Smoke Alarm Sense

Install and maintain smoke alarms on EVERY level of your home, outside each separate sleeping area and inside each bedroom. For the best protection, interconnect the alarms. When one sounds, they all sound. TEST all smoke alarms at least monthly.

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